Concept of Information | What is the meaning of information

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CLASS: FORM 1

TOPIC 1: CONCEPT OF INFORMATION

COMPETENCE

By the end of Form One course, the student should have ability to use information and communication media.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

By the end of Form One, the student should be able to develop skills of using information and communication media.

Sub Topic 1: Concepts of Information

What is Data?

Data means raw of facts and figures or unprocessed piece of facts. The word data is plural form where its singular is datum. Data itself do not have a meaning unless it processed to become information. Data can be represented in verbal or non-verbal

Format of data includes

• Sounds

• Texts

• Graphics

• Numbers

• Dates

• Picture

What is Information?

Information is the fact about a situation, person, event, etc. Or information is the data that has been processed to provide meaning

Data and information

Information is organized data which give meaning full sentence or statement.

Relationship Between Data and Information

Data is like if someone tell you T238 DDD and this is the data to you but if he/she says your car license number is T238 DDD, then this become information for you since it has a meaning, therefore data and information are interrelated to each other.

Similarities and differences between data and information

The following are similarities between data and information

i) Both data and information can be presented in alphabets or letters

ii) Data and information can be presented in form of number

iii) Both data and information can be presented in form of symbols

iv)Both data and information can be presented in form of graphics

The following are differences between data and Information

i) Data is a row fact which is unprocessed while information is data that has been processed.

ii) Data is the lower level of knowledge while information is the second level of knowledge.

iii) Observation and recording are done to obtain data while analysis is done to obtain information

Sources of Information

Define: Source of information can be anything that is used to provide information.

Sources of information can be categorized in two groups.

Primary/Direct source

Secondary/Indirect source

Primary Source

These are the original materials or data that were taken for the first time. This source of information allows the access of very original and unedited information. It requires to interact with the sources direct and extract information.

Example of primary source includes:

Speech
Letters
Journal entries
Newspaper articles
Paintings
Novels
Performances
Films
Photography

Secondary Sources

These are those materials or data comes from primary sources. It can be modified from the original source. It also involves interpretation or evaluation of the primary source, generalization or comments.

The following are the common sources of information

Websites.
Television.
The radio.
Telephone.
Books.
Magazines.
Newspapers.
Fax.

State Importance of Information

The following are the importance of information to the society.
Information can alert or aware people on a danger to the people around
Provide knowledge to the people
Provide instruction or directives on something
Provide education to the people
Information can connect people together (Harness people)
Information helps to provide decision making

Subtopic 1 Assessment

Define data?

What is numeric data?

What is non numeric data?

List down format of data,

What is Information

Explain the importance of information

Identify the sources of information

Associate information and data

Sub Topic 2: Information Dissemination

What is information dissemination?

This can be defined as a method of spreading information from one place to another.

Eg from Dar es salaam to Tanga etc

Components of the Information dissemination

In disseminating information, three major components have to be involved:

Source

Medium

Receiver/Audience

Source

Source can be defined as the originator of the message. Eg, individual or community.

Medium

This is the part receives message from the source, prove it and then transfer to the receiver. Eg Eg. Horns, drums, books, radios or television etc.

Receiver

Is the people or audiences, companies or communities intended to receive the desired information. Eg Individuals, community or audience

Ways of disseminating information

There are two ways of disseminating information from one place to another place

1. Traditional ways of disseminating information

2. Modern ways of disseminating information

Traditional ways of disseminating information

This is the ancient or earliest methods used to spread information from one place to another. Long time ago people used this method to spread information before the inventions of new technologies.

For examples they were used the following tools.

Horn
Drums
Smokes
Flag
Storytelling
Songs
Shouting

Modern ways of disseminating information

Is the advanced way of spread information by using the modern and advanced tools

For examples:

Television
Radio
Newspapers
Books
Journal
Brochures
Posters
Banners
Internet
Telephones

Write down the comparison between traditional and modern ways of disseminating information

Comparison between Traditional ways and Modern ways of disseminating information
Traditional way is slow while Modern way is fast
Equipment's are manual operated in Traditional while Equipment's are electronic operated in modem way.
Traditional way message can be sent in a short distance while in modern message can be sent in a long distance
It takes a long time to reach the receiver in traditional while It takes very short time to reach the receiver in modern
In Traditional Involve high cost to operate it while it is low cost involved in modern
Traditional ways covers a small area while in modern cover a large area

Communication Media

What is Communication?

Refers to exchange or sharing of information between two or more people

What is Media?

Are means or tools or channels used in particular issues. Eg teaching, communication etc

Example of media are radio, TV, Telephone etc

Communication Media/Channels

Is the means or ways of transmitting the messages from sender to the receiver.

Types of Communication Media

There are two types of communication media;

1. Verbal Communication media

2. Non-Verbal Communication media

Verbal communication.

Verbal communication is the expression or exchanged of information or messages through written or oral words.

Forms of verbal communication are as follows.

Oral communication is the process of communication in which messages or information is exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver through the word of mouth. It can be divided into two ways: Speaking and Listening.

Written communication is the process of communication in which messages or information is exchanged or communicated within sender and receiver through written

form. It can be divided into two ways: Writing Reading.

Nonverbal communication.

Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchanged of information or messages through without using any spoken or written.

word. Some of the forms of non-verbal communications are as follows: